What It Was, When It Was, The Way It Was (Part 7)

Here is the last segment of this very old book that I have been sharing. I hope you have enjoyed this material. As with all the others be careful with what you try, if you try any at all.


"WHAT TO-DO." AND "HOW TO DO IT."
Including Various Recipes of All Kinds."
"We have gathered a posie of other men's flowers And nothing but the thread which binds them is ours."


264. To Find the Number of Gallons in a Round Tank.—Multiply the diameter in feet by itself (called squaring the diameter), multiply the product by the depth in feet, then multiply by 6 and the result is the approximate number of gallons in the tank.
Example.—A tank is 5 feet in diameter and 7 feet deep; 5 times 5 equals 25, 7 times 25 equals 175, 6 times 175 equals 1050 gallons.
265. How to Find the Number of Common Bricks in a Wall or Building.—Multiply together the length, height and thickness in feet and multiply this result by 20 and you will have the number of common bricks in the wall. Find the number in each wall and add these together and you will have the number in the building.
266. Table of Avoirdupois Weight.—
437.5 grains equal 1 ounce.
16 ounces equal 1
25 pound. equal 1 quarter.
2000 pounds equal 1 ton.
2240 pounds equal 1 long ton.
267. Miscellaneous Weights.—
100 Ibs. nails equal 1 keg.
196 Ibs. flour equal 1 barrel.
200 Ibs. beef or pork equal 1 barrel.
280 Ibs. N. Y. salt equal 1 barrel.
268. Table of Troy Weight.—
24 grains make 1 pennyweight.
20 pennyweights make 1 ounce
12 ounces make 1 pound
480 grams make 1 ounce

The troy pound contains 5760 grains while the avoirdupois pound contains grains. If a merchant sells you a pound of tea by troy weight he cheats you, but if he sells you an ounce by troy weight he cheats himself out of 42 1/2 grains.
269 , Table of Apothecaries Weight. —
1 drop equals 1 grain.
20 grains make 1 scruple, which is equal to 1/3 teaspoonful.
3 scruples make 1 drachm, which is equal to 1 teaspoonful.
8 drachms make 1 ounce, which is equal to 2 tablespoonfuls.
12 ounces make 1 pound.
270. Table of Fluid Measures. —
60 drops make 1 fluid drachm, or 1 small teaspoonful.
8 fluid drachms make 1 fluid ounce, or 2 tablespoonfuls, or ¼ gill.
16 fluid ounces make 1 pint, or 4 gills.
1 pint equals 1 pound in weight except with Ether, Glycer­ine,Sulphuricacid,
Chloroform and a few others.
271. A Handy Table.—
1 tablespoonful equals 4 teaspoonfuls.
1 teacup equals 4 fluid ounces.
1 coffee cup equals 6 fluid ounces.
1 wine-glass equals from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls.
272. Table of Liquid Measure.—
4 gills make 1 pint.
2 pints make 1 quart.
4 quarts make 1 gallon.

273. How Clothes Are Cleaned by Those Who Make it a Business.—In cleaning establishments, silks and woolen clothes are immersed in gasoline and dipped up and down, and especially the soiled parts are rubbed with ivory soap. They are then rinsed in clean gasoline. The odor is removed by shak­ing for fifteen or twenty minutes or by hanging on a line where there is a good breeze. Don't use gasoline, near a light or stove.
274. To Clean Dark Furs.—Put some new bran into a pan on the stove and heat very hot, stirring so as not to let burn. Rub this thoroughly into the fur several times then shake and brush it till it is free from dust.
275. To Clean Light Furs.—Lay the fur upon a table and with a flannel rub it with bran that is slightly moistened with warm water, Rub until dry then with book muslin apply dry bran. Dry flour will do instead of the wet bran. When through rubbing with the bran or flour rub magnesia the wrong way into the fur then shake and brush.
276. To Clean Straw Hats.—First sponge the hat with a mixture of 2 1/2 drachms sodium hyposulphite, 1 drachm glycerine, 2 1/2 drachms alcohol, 2 1/4 ounces of water; then- hang the hat in the cellar or other moist room for 24 hours; then apply a solution of ½ drachm citric acid, 2 1/2 drachms alcohol, 3 ounces of water and again hang in a moist room for 24 hours. The hat should then be gone over with a flatiron that is not too hot.
277. Cut Worms.—Make a little ring of either lime or wood ashes about the plant as a protection against cut worms.
278. Onion Maggots.—The best known remedy is to put chimney soot in the drills.
279. Plant Lice.—A tea made from tobacco, or tobacco smoke, will kill them.
280. Squash Bugs.—Put some white shingles on the ground under the vines and the bugs will collect under them and may be destroyed in the morning.
281. Slugs.—In England the, gardeners drop a handful of bran every 8 or 10 feet along the garden walks. The slugs collect on these little heaps of bran and may be swept up in the morning with a broom and dust pan.
282. Scale.—Boil 1 gallon of barley in water, pour off the liquid (the grain will do to feed the chickens) and add quicklime to it until about as thick as paint. When cold add 1 pound of lampblack and mix for a long time then add 3/4 pound flowers of sulphur and 1 pint of alcohol. Brush the bark of the tree with a stiff brush to remove the moss and then apply the liquid with a paint brush.
283. Canker Worms.—Spread tar, or tar and molasses, on a cloth and bind about the trunk of the tree near the ground. Do this early in the spring and the female worm will be kept from crawling up the tree. Apply kero­sene below the cloth to kill the eggs.
284. Grubs.—Apply soap to the trunks of the apple and peach trees dur­ing May. In the fall cut out all that have entered the bark.
285. Cucumber Beetles.—About the only way to keep these away is to cover the plants with netting.
286. Celery Pest or Little Negro Bug.—Sprinkle the plants with a mixture of 1 tablespoonful of crude carbolic acid to 2 gallons of water. If pre­ferred, a teacupful of the acid may be mixed with a bushel of either air-slacked lime or land plaster and the plants dusted with this.

HANDY TABLES FOR COOKS.
EGGS.
8 large, or 10 medium sized, eggs equal 1 pound.
BUTTER.
1 lump the size of a medium egg equals 2 ounces.
1 tablespoonful of soft butter, well filled, equals 1 ounce.
4 heaping tablespoonfuls of soft butter equal 1 teacupful.
2 teacupfuls of packed soft butter equal 1 pound.
1 pint of well packed soft butter equals 1 pound.
FLOUR.
2 heaping teaspoonfuls equal 1 heaping tablespoonful.
2 heaping tablespoonfuls equal 1 ounce.
5 heaping tablespoonfuls equal 1 teacupful.
5 teacupfuls of sifted flour equal 1 pound.
3 ½ level teacupfuls of corn meal equal 1 quart.
1 quart of sifted flour equals 1 pound.
SUGAR.
2 heaping teaspoonfuls equal 1 heaping tablespoonful.
1 heaping tablespoonful of granulated, best brown, or A coffee equals 1 ounce.
2 heaping tablespoonfuls of powdered equal 1 ounce.
2 heaping teacupfuls of A coffee equal 1 pound.
2 level teacupfuls of granulated equal 1 pound.
2 level coffee-cupfuls of powdered equal 1 pound.
2 ½ level teacupfuls of best brown equal 1 pound.
2 ¾ level teacupfuls of powdered equal 1 pound.
1 ½ level coffee-cupfuls of granulated equal 1 pound.
1 pint of A coffee equals 12 ounces.
1 heaping pint of granulated equals 14 ounces.
1 quart of powdered equals 1 pound and 7 ounces.
1 quart of granulated equals 1 pound and 9 ounces.
1 quart of any kind equals 4 teacupfuls.
1 teacupful equals 8 fluid ounces or 2 gills.
1 teacupful or 16 tablespoonfuls equal ½ pint or 2 gills.
A common-sized tumbler holds ½ pint.

We will see what we might come up with for future posts. Stay tuned who knows what might happen. Sleep tight, for all is well down on the farm.

The Old Farmer